Wednesday, 7 April 2010

A visit to the kotha- extract from 'Samlee's daughter'

---------------------------10/IX---------------------------
Gar kiya vo mujhé nazar se raqibon mein shaamil
Hunooz zaban se karti vo ummidon ko baaTil!
(If her glance invites me into the company of my rivals
Her tongue cuts off Hope- both Death’s & Survival’s!)
It was a tawdry ghazal- and the Besura Begum singing it strained each note and marred every syllable. The two infirm and wasted tabalchis kept up accompaniment in desultory fashion, passing a joint back and forth to each other. The harsh, resinous, smell of charas mingled with the sickly-sweet fumes rising from the brazier.
Ki ho zaalim ki rassi daraaz hoon main ta’mil
Hua sabr-e-sitam se insaan kabhi kaamil?
(There’s this virtue in hemp- it gives the tyrant enough rope
Was patience with persecution beyond the Prophet’s scope?)
Arif was impatient to go. Coming here had been a bad idea. Iyer, on the other hand, being a first time visitor, was greatly taken with the place. He had been subdued earlier but, as the harsh liquor started to go down smoother, he was experiencing an alcoholic second wind.
Pehchan meeTi tabassum mein tajassum-e-filfil
Karta Ishq rooh faraaz to nafs ko fanaa’fil!
(See in sweet smiles the black essence of pepper
If Love exalts the soul, it makes the ego a leper!)
The pathetic aspect to it was that the Besura Begums were taking it all so seriously. Earlier, the men had been entertained by two or three elderly courtesans- witty enough in their way, though no very great virtuosos of their Art- but, as the hour grew late, these veterans had decorously withdrawn so as not to impede business.
Gar hui vo Saqi aur jaam mujhé haasil
Sharab aur tezaab main karé koun faasil?
(If she became the Saqi and I received some wine
Between alcohol and acid, who could draw the line?)
An exceptionally ugly Besura Begum was refilling Iyers glass and leering at him grotesquely. In truth, the liquor tasted more like acid than alcohol. Nevertheless, Iyer thought fit to set up a great clamour of appreciation. Indeed, and ludicrously, he went so far as to nudge his companion, and drunkenly repeat the couplet to him, as if it were a pearl of Ghalibs piercing.
Hai jaama-zeb zaalim khudh khabar-e-haamil
Apni khagazi pairaahan mein zafar-e-a’dil!
(Now accoutred as accuser, now in judges clothes
Victory becomes her, whatever her clothes!)
Noticing Iyers animation, another of the Besura Begums- but one ludicrously miscast and costumed as a Bharat Natyam dancer- stirred hopefully. Iyer quickly averted his eyes. She had wanted to dance for him earlier but he had very vehemently insisted that it was against his religion to witness such spectacles outside the Temple. Nevertheless, she continued to eye him with dumb reproach- like a dog which hasnt been taken for its evening walk.
Unpé is shér kahné gaya main Maah rukh ki mehfil
Par samné hua sham‘ma sirf Shams ko ai dil!
(I went to Selenes salon where poets compete all night
But the Sun carried off the palm ’fore I could air my plight!)
With the ending of her ghazal, the Besura Begum had to pass the sham‘ma- in this case an aromatic candle in a, quite handsome, tinted-glass shield- to the next person whose turn it was to recite. Normally, this should have come as a relief because her sallow skin had looked terribly jaundiced by its flickering light.
Unfortunately, she chose to pass the sham‘ma to Iyer Sahib.
---------------------------10/X---------------------------
I’m sorry, I can’t go on.
Dwelling on what happens in brothels- especially when I’ve had the chance to depict the holy atmosphere of an Ashram during the course of the same narrative- is totally against my principles and character. However, in fairness to myself, I must point out that if such episodes do, quite unavoidably, arise in the course of my books then the blame must be placed, fairly and squarely, at the feet of Society rather than on any weakness or vice of my own.
Moreover, the fact is, due to extensive and intensive oppression of women throughout Classical and Romantic periods of Indian Cultural History, the activities of denizens of kothas represent the only free play of Feminine Intellect and Spirituality within the country. Hence, if this narrative is to give you a balanced picture, it is extremely essential to dwell on such matters. Indeed, the fact that, throughout the State, it was the prostitutes who were the first adult converts to the cause of Anti-Masturbation, is sufficient proof that India hasn’t really changed. Only place where women can throw off their ‘mind forg’d manacles’ is in the kotha. Other females are merely puppets of Patriarchy, mouthing slogans they can neither mean nor master. Feminism- even when represented by such Internationally acknowledged ‘Masters of those who Know’ as Gayatri Chakroboty Spivak, Daksha D’Souza Rice & Vagina Dentata Choothopadhyay[1]- is nothing but an ‘Intermediate Technology’, or International AID package, recycling ideas which have passed their sell-by date and palming off pharmakons proved toxic in their own milieu of origin.
Hence, as a responsible observer and critic of Society- one, moreover, deeply committed to the Feminist cause- I simply have no choice. A few suggestive song and dance sequences in the kotha must be included so that this work can stand alongside such masterpieces of Socially Conscious reportage as John Steinbeck’s ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ and Franz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth’.
In this context, I may mention- I should be played by either Shah Rukh Khan or Brad Pitt in the film version of ‘Samlee’s daughter’. I assure you, this is not at all because I hold the Actor’s profession in contempt. Why, then, you may wonder- given my overwhelming beauty and grace- do I want someone else to play me? The answer has to do with my own preparations for Stardom. Because I’m deeply Spiritual, I began my crash-fitness program by buying Kyrie Minorc’s ‘Patanjali’s Yoga-aerobics Sutra’ exercise Video. For the benefit of less Pop-savvy readers, I should explain, the diminutive Kiwi in question first attained fame because her face was perpetually frozen in an expression of orgasmic bliss. However, as the decades went by, and the novelty of this approach wore off, sales began to suffer and so Kyrie was re-launched by the Sekkupu Corporation as the possessor of the perfect bum. However, so as not to disappoint old fans, Kyrie mastered Yoga so as to be able to keep her orgasmic face always in frame and poised a few inches perpendicular to her pert and deliciously upthrust bum. My mistake, I feel, was in seeking to emulate this asana of hers too closely. Actually, I was able to maintain this posture all through my grocery shopping at Kwiksave, but then my disc slipped and so I’m having to spend some time in traction that’s all.
Anyway, returning to the theme of this section, I must tell you that verses like the following- on the Medieval theme of the mystic Rose- as sung by the mirasins, represent a tremendous treasure-trove of Spiritual knowledge and Soteriological insight.
Bear in mind, if you’re trying this mantra at home, a lot of wiggling and jiggling must also occur, throughout the recitation, to ensure its efficacy-
Rosa Mystica
What, forever, Faith, the flower, proposes, must Truth, the thorn, oppose?
As when, Rose, I wooed with roses, but those roses wounded Rose
She said “I hope it won’t be broken, I know hearts are hard to fix”
          “ But, tho’ thrilled with your love-token, I’m so tired of little pricks!”
(Chorus)           “ tho’ thrilled with your love-token, I’m  tired of little pricks!”
To fully grasp this verse, you should read Rumi, Leibniz, and the Paradiso section of Dantes Divine Comedy.
Similarly- but this time performing a seductive hip grind- you may wish to ponder the esoteric underpinning to this melancholy shikva-
O say not Loves song is sung
Nor to idle rue give tongue
Making phrases marks the fool
& a bad lover blames his tool!
(Chorus)                                  & a bad lover blames his tool!
However, I should clarify, the chief literary importance of the kotha does not lie in the poetry typical of its denizens- rather, it arises out of the verses it inspires in its occasional patrons. Arif, for example, on being passed the sham’ma, and not wishing the mirasins to understand him, took a long swallow of his drink and then uttered this Farsi verse-
‘Hurled from Heaven- we’re not in Hell
While Pleiades, Seven, work their spell
Our crippled wings seem debonair
& Love, the soft name we call Despair!’
(Chorus)                      ‘& Love, the soft name we call Despair!’
Indeed, as the evening progressed, his responses darkened in mood. This was his Sindhi riposte to an (utterly crap) rendition of some stanzas from Shah Abdul Latifs Suhuni Mahiwal-
Like Suhuni, who well knew, being a potters daughter
An unfired pot but melts in water
Yet, who trusted to one to cross Indus’ spate
Unfired by Love, still we mate!’
Similarly, he rejected, but this time in English, the Besura Begums’ Bihari overture of some sub-standard, Sufi, mishmash, derived from either Fariduddin Attar’s Mantiq ut Tayr- or, more deplorably yet, Ahmed Ghazali’s Savaanih- & which, for brevity, I translate-
Sultan Mahmud (played by a particularly obese & hirsute bull dyke)-
With God’s shadow to me, as to mine heart’s gold
Ah! for our trespasses free, ‘fore Love took hold!
Now a galley slave, I, by Thy mercy whipped
Yet, Thou the shore from whence I’m shipped!!
The slave, Ayaz, (a wizened & wall-eyed trull)-
To drink from the Sky, Eyes’ antelope fails
Only Dazzlement is, or yet Ego veils
For once your slave, your Sultan yet awhile
Union’s path is paced but single file!
Arif’s response-
‘Jacob’s loss is Zuleikha’s gain
& Farhad’s bliss were Khusroe’s bane
& if Ghazni’s Lord[2] sweet Love beguiles
Which Attar physics Ayaz’s piles?

(Envoi)-               Prince! If of the true mystic creed I speak a word
’Tis for crap is liefer talked than heard!’
Indeed, Arif’s poetry- it seemed to me- had taken on an uncharacteristically sour note. His response to this quatrain of mine-
‘For the veil that I wear is not the veil that you see’
In Shiduri’s tavern, said the Saqi to me
‘Let Politicians & Pundits mulct who they can
‘Make Sri Devi’s breasts your five year plan!’
showed a sceptical attitude to Religion- on the lines of Dharm-o-deen ki dekho har baat/ Baazaar-e-Haq mein hota baarjaat!- as shown by this verse
‘Since Truth’s a Saqi, casts no reflection
In Jamshed’s cup, or Christ’s resurrection
Worse than Death’s chill breath has us shiver
That barmaid’s face in Maryam’s mirror!’
Speaking for myself, and pausing to place on record my deep distress at Arif’s debauching of the English language, I must tell you, quatrains like the following chronicle my own opinion of illicit sex- be it mercenary or hedonistic.
Recking not reciprocity, the Other each enters
For the reverse were atrocity & each Self-centres
Together they hunt, what hounds them apart
For, ‘I haven’t a cunt & she hasn’t a heart!’
You may well protest at my use of four letter words. Indeed, so chastened is my usual English prosody, you may consider it a blemish on white jade. However, let me assure you, bad language is an aesthetic necessity because-
Tho’ Pan you reave- so a reed might write
Be ruled, Poet, by what I, rude, indite
Only old maids read & School boys recite
So variegate your verse with ‘fuck’ & ‘shite’!
Moreover, as Kulapati K.M Munshi once said- though perhaps as a mere obiter dicta on Heidegger’s Holwege & the inevitable Nuremberg to which must tend all Black Forest no-paths nonetheless blackened by too frequent ‘Shepherds of Being establishing Meaning by means of the Word’- not that it could be otherwise for, to finally & perhaps fatally quote the aforementioned words of the late great founder of the till lately great Bhatratiya Vidhya Bhavan- “Inspiration is like a tramp in the Woods- it wont come unless you talk dirty to it!”
In this context, and broaching a cellar’d vintage of deeper delved metaphysics, you may wish to savour the following more melancholy quatrain on the signally vacuous but soverignly unvanquishable theme of ‘each mind holding in confinement its mere solitary dream of a world’-
Odd that an old lag like me should so fondly dwell
On the little hole in each prison cell
We blundered through when we were small
Or that, humping you, I kissed the wall!
In this context, I have something to confess to you. The fact is, shocking as this might seem, my virginity is not entirely unspotted. I haven’t always looked upon all women as mothers, sisters, grannies, etc. Indeed, I think I’ve hinted to you that, when I was employed as an Economics teacher, my relationship with female students left something to be desired.
However, in fairness to myself, I am obliged to observe, blame should not at all be pitched upon me but, rather, must fasten upon this totally Evil and Materialistic Consumer Society in which, due to ‘fast-food’ and other such godlessness, people are not able to maintain a proper sattvic diet and hence become contaminated by lust and promiscuity due to passional rajsic, and sensual tamsic, additives and ingredients in processed food products. Indeed, I should clarify, my anti-Masturbation commitment does not arise from laziness, lack of dexterity, or traditional Brahminical disdain for manual labour- rather, it is because my personality is naturally sattvic, free from blemishes, and thus eminently suited to being entrusted with large sums of money for philanthropic purposes- that’s all.
In this context I may quote the following words of Bhim Singh to indicate the purely majazi, or illusory, nature of any vices- be they ‘wine, women or song’- that might otherwise be attributed to me. Here is an extract from Bhim’s précis of my personal history-
‘…unable to bear the brilliance of his tejas, Iyer-wife, like Saranyu quitting Surya’s side, speedily departed leaving a shadow in her place, who, however, being a Saqi by profession, bore him but sickly children- some of whom became poems, while others- more horribly- became ‘humorous’ novels &c….’
Actually, that wasn’t the extract I was thinking off. Can’t think where it’s wandered off to. Anyway, fuck it, just take my word for it already.


[1]    Vagina Dentata Choothopadyay- a registered trademark of the Sekkupu Corporation. Probably the most virulent Virtual Feminist of the mid Nineties- Vagina first appeared in the Feminist ‘Womb Raider’ M.U.D (Since bought out by the Sekkupu Conglomerate). She organised the planet’s post-holocaust women into a human chain- all sullenly fisting each other- circling the last surviving forest, thus protecting it, and their own eggs, from evil, technology-obsessed, male ‘Womb Raiders’ intent on genetically modifying the last surviving strands of Gaia’s original mitochondrial D.N.A.
[2]    Ghazni’s Lord. The perfect love between ,‘The Shadow of God’,  Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni and his faithful slave Ayaz is a fertile subject for Sufi poetry.  Once when Huma, the bird of fortune whose shadow’s touch confers Empery, appeared in the Sky, all Mahmud’s soldiers went running hither & thither in the hope that the shadow would fall upon them. Ayaz however went & stood in Mahmud’s own shadow. Later, so Ahmed Ghazali (brother of the theologian) tells us, the Master /Slave relationship was reversed but in a manner more profound than that outlined by Hegel. Thus, Mahmud complains that veil upon veil has fallen between him & his beloved. In the mirasin’s version of the story, Mahmud is like the Indian antelope, which gallops through the drought stricken forest, hoping to quench its thirst in the blue waters of the sky. Incidentally, I should mention, sodomy is heavily condemned in Islam. Fariduddin Attar was a pharmacist by profession.

Monday, 5 April 2010

Ghalib's ghazal 111

There is a theory that if a poem means the same thing to us each time we read it, then either it isn't really a poem, or else, we aren't really reading it. Our exercise is but empty naql, bereft of aql-  blind taqlid, not visionary tahqiq- to employ the terminology of the great Sheikh.. 
One of Ghalib's most translated ghazals is- Sab_kahan_kucch lalao gul me numayaan ho gaen [Begum Akhtar] [Jagjit]
Here is my attempt at re-reading it-


In what the flowers display and what the dust yet hides
Resurrected Beauty,  for aye, Thy veil abides

What in Memory as our colorful legend presides
Life's quotidian but cobwebs provides

The Pleiades, whose conceits our day elides
 Lie naked to a fate, night decides

If from Jacob, Joseph a dungeon hides
His eyes, in darkness, its chink betides

On cutting up rivals, if Love, itself, prides
Zuleikha's jury, Justice derides!

For Separation's dark, the nightmare so rides
The Eye, erupting blood, its ember, chides

If, in Heaven, as houris, Beauty resides
Revenged are we on who weren't our brides!

His is sleep, and mystic dream, & Night & all besides
Your coiffure on whose chest its undoing confides

Wine is life giving; gain Wine and no March's Ides
Mars your hand's hold on the immortal guide's!

 All Faiths are One for their Observance divides.
 Nothing is won by but warring sides.

'Fore Cities and Towns, which tears' flood subsides?
  Dams my isthmus of wreckage a damn Deicide's?






.

Friday, 2 April 2010

Ghalib, ghazal 20- yeh na thi hamari qismat


Click here for audio-


 To be in tryst united, not I could twist my fate
If longer life invited, I'd yet forlornly wait

Did I live on thy oath, know, my life were a lie
Of happiness I'd die! held thy troth to a date

For as feebly as fond entreaty, bindst thy Word
Its sequel, an equal treaty, art surd to sublate

Why was that arrow drawn without brawn, not art?
That, in my heart, it stick, not sever it straight!

Why admonishes like a priest, my old comrade and mate?
If you haven't a pain killer, at least, my pain giver hate!

Were what it mock as 'woe wilful'-  flint struck sparks
Thy Ark's veined rock, would ruck Red sans bate

Anguish is certain arson; know! -the heart must burn
If not to yearn, then to earn, or learn chalk's slate!

By his assent, this night of grief, did an Adam create?
Death's a Thief, or Madam, my ruin can't sate

My grave- ghazal's fresh ground?! Better I'd drowned!
My clay, they claim-jump, with elegies on 'the late'!

His vision can't anoint, who is but a singular viewpoint
Were a second scented... Ah! God alone is Great!

Since Sainthood has its Arabi seal, thy mystic spate
For Drunkard's weal, ope's a  Ghalibian gate!
- Show quoted text -

Wednesday, 31 March 2010

Ghalib's ghazals- is it all just Wine, Whining and Word play?

Neither Mystic, nor Mutineer, nor heralding a new day
Of Ghalib, Ghazal's God, 'tis our via negativa to say
 'He loved Wine, gaudy Whining and febrile Word-play'
(A tribadistic trio to turn any man gay!)


Ghalib's safina and Ibn Arabi's 'ship of stone'


Amongst many treasures contained in the Ibn Arabi Society website, is a beautiful essay by
Claude Addas titled 'the Ship of Stone'.

"Of the many voyages that Ibn 'Arabi describes, it is on the one to which he invites us in Chapter eight of the Futûhâtthat I would like to focus.[5] Chapter eight is dedicated to the ard al-haqîqa, the 'World of Reality' that was created with what remained of Adam's clay. It belongs, says Ibn 'Arabi, to the 'âlam al-khayâl, the Imaginal World, and it is part of the barzakh, the 'isthmus' that joins all the orders of reality. It is the theatre where the visions of the gnostics are seen, where dreams take place, where souls reside as they await the Last Judgement. It is a spiritual World where, contrary to what happens in this one, bodies have a subtle consistency and intelligibles take on form. This world is penetrated only by the 'spirit', not to be confused with the imagination, for the imagination is capable of engendering only that which is unreal. This preliminary information just outlined is followed by first-hand accounts of spiritual travellers who, like Dhu-l Nun al-Misri, had the privilege of visiting this marvellous world: cities of gold, silver, saffron and musk, fruit with unparalleled flavour, oceans of precious metals that touch one another without mixing their waters. The 'fantastic' character of these descriptions should not be misunderstood; the ard al-haqîqa is not a mythical kingdom. Despite the fact that it is ma'nawiyya, 'spiritual', it is nonetheless no less real than is the ground upon which we tread. It is first and foremost the World of the purest Adoration offered to God: 'It is God's World', Ibn 'Arabi explains elsewhere.
He who inhabits it has realized true servitude before God; God joins him to Himself, for He has said: 'O, my servants who believe, My World is vast, so worship Me!' I myself have been worshipping God in that World since the year 590, and we are now in 635. That World is immutable and imperishable; that is why God has made it the abode of His servants, and the place par excellence of His worship.[6]
And it is undoubtedly to remind us of this essential truth that Ibn 'Arabi then reports that in that world he saw a Ka'ba, from which the veil (kiswa) had been removed, speak to those who were making the ritual circumambulations, and that it granted them spiritual Knowledge.
But the account that follows plunges us into a strangely phantasmagoric universe reminiscent of surrealist paintings. He says,
In that world I saw a sea of sand as fluid as water; I saw stones, both large and small, that attracted one another like iron and a magnet. When they came together, they could not come apart without someone intervening, just as when one takes the iron away from the magnet without the magnet being able to hold on. But if one fails to separate them, these stones continue to stick to one another at a set distance; when they are all joined, they have the form of a ship. I myself saw a small vessel with two hulls. When a boat is thus constructed, its passengers jump into the sea, and then they embark for wherever they wish. The deck of the vessel is made of grains of sand or of dust, soldered together in a special way. I have never seen anything so marvellous as these stone vessels floating on an ocean of sand! All the boats have the same shape; the vessel has two sides, behind which are raised two enormous columns higher than a man's head. The rear of the ship is at the same level as the sea, and is open to the sea without a single grain of sand coming inside.[7]
At first glance, the reader is tempted to see nothing in this text other than a typical example of ajâ'ib, the mirabilia in which Arabic literature abounds. This would be ignoring the fact that, regardless of his form of discourse, the author of the Futûhât never aims at 'distracting' his reader but, quite on the contrary, at bringing him around to the essential. It is also a fact that a careful reading of the vocabulary used by the author in this passage suggests that this strange story is masking a subtle point in Ibn 'Arabi's teaching. This is not to suggest that the account is a simple allegory. In theMundus Imaginalis, where a square can be round or something small can contain something large, Ibn 'Arabi has certainly been the astonished witness to this quite distinctive ocean voyage. But his narration of this experience is, for him, less an occasion to astound us than it is a means of subtly teaching us a principle of initiation of which the scene he describes is the concrete expression.[8] It is also true that to structure the story he deliberately borrowed key terms from a specific lexicon in Arabic linguistics: bahr is the word commonly used for the ocean. But it is also the word that, in the language of Arabic poetry, denotes the meter of a poem; likewise, ramal, which ordinarily refers to sand, is the name for one of the sixteen meters in classical Arabic prosody.[9] The use of vocabulary borrowed from the language of Arabic poetry is obviously not coincidental in the least. From this point of view, the story of the stone vessels sailing over a sea of sand has nothing to do with the dream state of a delirious mind. The vessel (safîna) represents the qasîda, the classical Arabic poem; the inseparable stones are kalîmât, the words that, when joined together, form the verses which, when arranged together make up the poem; the two sides of the boat are the hemistiches of each line of verse, and the two columns refer to the two 'pillars', watid, of Arabic meter. Thus, with slightly encrypted language, Ibn 'Arabi points out to us that poetry is the privileged way to 'travel' in the 'âlam al-khayâl, whose haqâ'iq (spiritual realities) it carries, although spiritual realities, by their very nature, are supraformal.'

I have no iota of proof that Ghalib was familiar with Ibn Arabi's works, still, I confess, there is scarcely a line of Ghalib whose meaning is not enriched by reading the essay quoted above.
Some ten or twelve years ago, I translated a pair of couplets from Ghalib as follows-
woh sehar mudda talbee mein na kaam aaye
jis sehar se safina ravaan hon saraab mein.
Ghalib chutee sharab par ab bhee kabhee kabhee
Peeta hon roz-e-abr-o-shab-e-maahtaab mein (97.12)
It’s good for nothing else & actually, the Lake’s a mirage
Tho’ still that Magic steer Avalon’s faery barge
Ghalib’s given up Wine, tho’ now & then he might
Drink on a cloudy day, drain a moonlit night.


Actually the previous couplet, 'woh naalah dil mein khas ke barabar jagah  na paee
                                                           jis naale se shigaaf parhe aftab mein'
is thought to compose a 'qita' with 'woh sehar mudda' with the meaning- whine, whine, my complaint hasn't entered her heart to the extent of even a blade of grass; whine, whine, though I'm such a smashing poet that it could have scarred the face of the sun, whine, whine. 
On the other hand if Ghalib is speaking of his own reception of Arabi then it isn't a case of whine, whine but Wine! Wine! 

Which is as it should be.
Quite.

Monday, 29 March 2010

Ghalib's 'jab tak dahaan-e-zakhm'

jab tak dahaan-e zakhm nah paidaa kare koi
mushkil hai tujh se raah-e sukhan vaa kare koi
ʿālam ġhubār-e vashat-e majnūñ hai sar-ba-sar
kab tak khayāl-e turrah-e lailā kare koī
afsurdagii nahii;N :tarab-inshaa-e iltifaat
haa;N dard ban ke dil me;N magar jaa kare koi
rone se ay nadiim malaamat nah kar mujhe
aakhir kabhii to uqdah-e dil vaa kare koi
See Prof. Pritchett's wonderful site 'A desertful of roses' for text & commentary.

Till the mouth of the wound gravid utterance attain
All paths to your ear, mere aporias detain
Majnun's footy blister has raised a dusty twister to pervade the Plenum's plane
Whom, longer, in imaginal Limbo, can Lailah's locks limn sane?
Not Civility has a freezing center, all heating, guests to gain
Save my sleeting heart, she enter, who entered ere as pain.
Cup companion, my tears' flood to slow, reprove not- no reproof is vain!
That my Noah's knot of the heart's rainbow, the Saqi sooner obtain

Saturday, 27 March 2010

barzakh- a partition which both unites and divides

Click here for an essay on Ibn al Arabi's concept of the barzakh and here for a description of it as a sort of purgatory sharing features with the Tibetan bardo (bardo means limit) thodol and the Swedenborgian hell.

Another perspective is found here where a critic of Sufism attacks Deobandi and Bahrelvi beliefs regarding Barzakh.

How would the notion of the barzakh affect a poet? Well, a self conscious poet is faced with the question 'which word to choose?' as well as 'which conclusion to draw?".

Now in the apprehension of any 'two-ity'- i.e a distinction between two things- the question arises 'what two poles do they define?'- is there a continuum, so to speak, between them? If there is perhaps there is a third word, which hasn't yet occurred to me that is the mot juste. 

Another way of approaching the same problem is not to seek to construct the continuum between the two-ity but place oneself in between as the asymptotic limit of both. Contemplating oneself as the divider between the 'two-ity' one may find one's own facticity vanish as one's stable sense of identity is questioned. 
To take an example 'kaffir/muslim'- where does the one end and the other begin? One method is to draw up a continuum between 2 opposite idealized conceptions. This process may itself suggest some striking images. The other method is to place oneself in between as the limit case of both conceptions. In Arabi's terminology one now sees with both eyes and imaginally creates (as does Allah when he creates Man with both hands but other beings with but one hand) the new ontological position for yourself to which you are then propelled. This liminal state of barzakh is like the bardo of the Tibetans. Moreover, Mulla Sadr's system begins to look a bit like Heidegger's project. In other words the poet is now in an altered state- one of becoming, one of transformation- rather than one of sitting in judgement or pursuing a craft skill. 
The ordinary meaning of barzakh as the Islamic limbo constrains one's use of the term but also informs one's reception of Arabi's theory. The poet, in barzakh, hears his own voice, witnesses his own imaginal projections, as coming- so to speak- from beyond the grave in that space between life and resurrection that- certainly for the school of Ibn Taiymiyya then coming into prominence in India- was nothing but oblivion. The Wahabbis can bring forward plenty of evidence that not even the Prophet can hear or know or do anything till the resurrection. However, Arabi's followers still have a way out. They can simply have a meta-barzakh as the divider/unifier between their position and the Wahabis.
But, just as it turns out that Stoics maintain that their system only works for someone who is already a Sage and is quite unavailing in lesser hands, so has Arabi drawn the ladder up after him, declaring himself the seal of Awlia. In other words, there is a meta-meta-barzakh defined by futility/unity which Ghalib inhabits.

Any evidence that Ghalib knew Arabi's, or Sadr's system? Well, he did read Bedil and Jami. Also maybe his one philosophical essay ?
As a Muslim he must have known the ordinary and popular meaning of barzakh. Indeed, the less philosophy he read the more the tension in his mind between the popular meaning and the esoteric one. 
In popular lectures on barzakh, the Masters often quote the line-
hum vahan hai jahan se hum ko bhi
kuch hamari khabar nahin aati
Incidentally this was (the psycho-analyst) Masud Khan's favorite quotation.